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CHAPTER 10: EXTERNAL THREATS
Page 181- Recap questions
Q: How different and/or similar were the people of ancient India, China and Southeast Asia in responding to external threats.
ANS:
They had a similarity of buliding physical barriers which was one of the most effective and efficient way of defending rival armies from entering their kingdom.
Diplomacy was also a similarity among them. All the kingdoms gave tributes to the larger kingdoms that protected them from rival kingdoms. They also had welcome trade from other lands so as to bulid up relationships.
Weapons was an essiantial for every army. However, as the level of technology was differed in the lands, some could only use axes to attack their enemies while other more developed and technology advanced countries would make use of gunpowder etc to make weapons

CHAPTER 10: EXTERNAL THREATS
Page 177- Recap questions

Q: How did they respond to these external threats?
Ans:
Diplomacy
The rulers often sent letters and gifts to other neighbouring kingdoms. They had to be very careful so as to not offend anyone. They also cultivated friendship with other people such as the Chinese, they welcomed them and they were "always welcomed"

Buliding physical barriers
Melake was a place where was once captured by the portuguese and after that, they bulit a strong fort called A Famosa. It have succecced in defending 12 attacks by their rivals.

Weapons
During the 15th century CE, the armies used firearms such as matchlocks (shoulder guns)or cannons. These were usually imported from other countries who had the natural resources.

CHAPTER 10: EXTERNAL THREATS
Page 174- Recap questions

Q: What were the measures taken by the ancient Chinese against foreign invasions?
Having a tribute system:
Han Wudi, emperor of the Han dynasty wanted to expand his empire into northern vietnam, inner mongolia etc. To mantain the conquered land, they will constantly give tributes to him as he promised to help them when they were under attack from their rival tribes and kingdoms.

Physical barriers:
The great wall of china was a good example of a physical barrier that was bulit. Construction first began during the Period of warring states. It protected from foreign invasions (ex: mongolia)

CHAPTER 9: INTERNAL THREATS
Page 161- Recap questions

Q:Why was it important for the ancient people to respond adequately to these threats?
ANS: If the leaders and their officials were all corrupted and unefficient, the people of the state would suffer the consequences indirectly. Without their quick response to natural diasters, people would lose lifes that could be prevented. Such measures can only be carried out if the government was efficient and was far-sighted. If internal threats broke out such as succession disputes or rebellion, this would allow other neighbouring rival states to attack when most of the leaders and soliders are concentrating on another topic. Hence, if one wants to have peace and stability in the economy and support of people, they must respond quickly and swiftly to such threats.

CHAPTER 9: INTERNAL THREATS
Page 158- Recap questions

Q1: How did people deaL with the threats (referring to the internal ones)
Piracy:
It is the pirates who attack and steal the loads or valueables on board the ships at sea. As sea trade was an alternative to ground travel, the absence of safe sea routes would mean that there would be a decline of trading within the country.
the rulers will send there naives to crush the pirates and the employed people (orang laut) or people of the sea will act as officials and soliders to keep watch over the important trade routes.

From the 13th century, Wokou based in Japan made their debut in East Asia, initiating invasions that would persist for 300 years.
Piracy in South East Asia began with the retreating Mongol Yuan fleet after the betrayal by their Javanese allies (who, incidentally, would found the empire of Majapahit after the Mongols left). They preferred the junk, a ship using a more robust sail layout. Marooned navy officers, consisting mostly of Cantonese and Hokkien tribesmen, set up their small gangs near river estuaries, mainly to protect themselves. They recruited locals as common foot-soldiers known as 'lang' (lanun) to set up their fortresses. They survived by utilizing their well trained pugilists, as well as marine and navigation skills, mostly along Sumatran and Javanese estuaries. Their strength and ferocity coincided with the impending trade growth of the maritime silk and spice routes.
-wikipedia

CHAPTER 9: INTERNAL THREATS
Page 155- Recap questions

Q1: What were the internal threats that ancient Chinese faced?
ANS: How was Mandate of Heaven used by rebels to explain their actions?
A official from the Han dynasty seized the throne & declared himself Empror. When he implemented many unpopular new laws and rules, the support from his people decreased. Soon after, there were a chain of natural diasters which gave people the sign that he was losing his Mandate of heaven. In 23 CE, after 12 years from attaining the post as emperor, there was a group of starving and angry farmers who called themselves the Red Eyebrows, invaded Wang Mang's palace and killed him.
picture of him (from wikipedia.org)

History textbook,

Page 126: Refer to map.
Inference from map:
The people had the advancement in transport that allowed them to travel long distances across the plains.

Maritime trade:
Result of interaction:
This resulted in the good relations and ties between the civilisations and this allowed more raw materials to be traded and led to the advances in technology and expansion in the economy.

CHAPTER 10: EXTERNAL THREATS
Page 181- Recap questions
Q: How different and/or similar were the people of ancient India, China and Southeast Asia in responding to external threats.
ANS:
They had a similarity of buliding physical barriers which was one of the most effective and efficient way of defending rival armies from entering their kingdom.
Diplomacy was also a similarity among them. All the kingdoms gave tributes to the larger kingdoms that protected them from rival kingdoms. They also had welcome trade from other lands so as to bulid up relationships.
Weapons was an essiantial for every army. However, as the level of technology was differed in the lands, some could only use axes to attack their enemies while other more developed and technology advanced countries would make use of gunpowder etc to make weapons

CHAPTER 10: EXTERNAL THREATS
Page 177- Recap questions

Q: How did they respond to these external threats?
Ans:
Diplomacy
The rulers often sent letters and gifts to other neighbouring kingdoms. They had to be very careful so as to not offend anyone. They also cultivated friendship with other people such as the Chinese, they welcomed them and they were "always welcomed"

Buliding physical barriers
Melake was a place where was once captured by the portuguese and after that, they bulit a strong fort called A Famosa. It have succecced in defending 12 attacks by their rivals.

Weapons
During the 15th century CE, the armies used firearms such as matchlocks (shoulder guns)or cannons. These were usually imported from other countries who had the natural resources.

CHAPTER 10: EXTERNAL THREATS
Page 174- Recap questions

Q: What were the measures taken by the ancient Chinese against foreign invasions?
Having a tribute system:
Han Wudi, emperor of the Han dynasty wanted to expand his empire into northern vietnam, inner mongolia etc. To mantain the conquered land, they will constantly give tributes to him as he promised to help them when they were under attack from their rival tribes and kingdoms.

Physical barriers:
The great wall of china was a good example of a physical barrier that was bulit. Construction first began during the Period of warring states. It protected from foreign invasions (ex: mongolia)

CHAPTER 9: INTERNAL THREATS
Page 161- Recap questions

Q:Why was it important for the ancient people to respond adequately to these threats?
ANS: If the leaders and their officials were all corrupted and unefficient, the people of the state would suffer the consequences indirectly. Without their quick response to natural diasters, people would lose lifes that could be prevented. Such measures can only be carried out if the government was efficient and was far-sighted. If internal threats broke out such as succession disputes or rebellion, this would allow other neighbouring rival states to attack when most of the leaders and soliders are concentrating on another topic. Hence, if one wants to have peace and stability in the economy and support of people, they must respond quickly and swiftly to such threats.

CHAPTER 9: INTERNAL THREATS
Page 158- Recap questions

Q1: How did people deaL with the threats (referring to the internal ones)
Piracy:
It is the pirates who attack and steal the loads or valueables on board the ships at sea. As sea trade was an alternative to ground travel, the absence of safe sea routes would mean that there would be a decline of trading within the country.
the rulers will send there naives to crush the pirates and the employed people (orang laut) or people of the sea will act as officials and soliders to keep watch over the important trade routes.

From the 13th century, Wokou based in Japan made their debut in East Asia, initiating invasions that would persist for 300 years.
Piracy in South East Asia began with the retreating Mongol Yuan fleet after the betrayal by their Javanese allies (who, incidentally, would found the empire of Majapahit after the Mongols left). They preferred the junk, a ship using a more robust sail layout. Marooned navy officers, consisting mostly of Cantonese and Hokkien tribesmen, set up their small gangs near river estuaries, mainly to protect themselves. They recruited locals as common foot-soldiers known as 'lang' (lanun) to set up their fortresses. They survived by utilizing their well trained pugilists, as well as marine and navigation skills, mostly along Sumatran and Javanese estuaries. Their strength and ferocity coincided with the impending trade growth of the maritime silk and spice routes.
-wikipedia

CHAPTER 9: INTERNAL THREATS
Page 155- Recap questions

Q1: What were the internal threats that ancient Chinese faced?
ANS: How was Mandate of Heaven used by rebels to explain their actions?
A official from the Han dynasty seized the throne & declared himself Empror. When he implemented many unpopular new laws and rules, the support from his people decreased. Soon after, there were a chain of natural diasters which gave people the sign that he was losing his Mandate of heaven. In 23 CE, after 12 years from attaining the post as emperor, there was a group of starving and angry farmers who called themselves the Red Eyebrows, invaded Wang Mang's palace and killed him.
picture of him (from wikipedia.org)

History textbook,

Page 126: Refer to map.
Inference from map:
The people had the advancement in transport that allowed them to travel long distances across the plains.

Maritime trade:
Result of interaction:
This resulted in the good relations and ties between the civilisations and this allowed more raw materials to be traded and led to the advances in technology and expansion in the economy.